Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Current Status of Prescription in Type 2 Diabetic Patients from General Hospitals in Busan: Ji Hye Suk, Chang Won Lee, Sung Pyo Son, Min Cheol Kim, Jun Hyeob Ahn, Kwang Jae Lee, Ja Young Park, Sun Hye Shin, Min Jeong Kwon, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Soon Hee Lee, Jeong Hyun Park, In Joo Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(3):230-239. Published online June 17, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.3.230

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Background

Data regarding the prescription status of individuals with diabetes are limited. This study was an analysis of participants from the relationship between cardiovascular disease and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in patients with type 2 diabetes (REBOUND) Study, which was a prospective multicenter cohort study recruited from eight general hospitals in Busan, Korea. We performed this study to investigate the current status of prescription in Korean type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods

Type 2 diabetic patients aged 30 years or more were recruited and data were collected for demographics, medical history, medications, blood pressure, and laboratory tests.

Results

Three thousands and fifty-eight type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. Mean age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c were 59 years, 7.6 years, and 7.2%, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 66%. Overall, 7.3% of patients were treated with diet and exercise only, 68.2% with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) only, 5.3% with insulin only, and 19.2% with both insulin and OHA. The percentage of patients using antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, antiplatelet agents was similar as about 60%. The prevalence of statins and aspirin users was 52% and 32%, respectively.

Conclusion

In our study, two thirds of type 2 diabetic patients were treated with OHA only, and one fifth with insulin plus OHA, and 5% with insulin only. More than half of the patients were using each of antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, or antiplatelet agents. About a half of the patients were treated with statins and one third were treated with aspirin.

Citations

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Soree Ryang, Sang Soo Kim, Ji Cheol Bae, Ji Min Han, Su Kyoung Kwon, Young Il Kim, Il Seong Nam‐Goong, Eun Sook Kim, Mi‐kyung Kim, Chang Won Lee, Soyeon Yoo, Gwanpyo Koh, Min Jeong Kwon, Jeong Hyun Park, In Joo Kim
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Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim, Kwang Jae Lee, Jeong Hyun Park, Young Il Kim, Young Sil Lee, Sung Chang Chung, Sang Jin Lee
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Insulin therapy for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a position statement of the Korean Diabetes Association, 2017
Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi
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Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyu-Yeon Hur, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Hyun Jin Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Seok-O Park, Kyung Mook Choi
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Jong Ho Kim, Sang Soo Kim, Hong Sun Baek, In Kyu Lee, Dong Jin Chung, Ho Sang Sohn, Hak Yeon Bae, Mi Kyung Kim, Jeong Hyun Park, Young Sik Choi, Young Il Kim, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Chang Won Lee, Sung Rae Jo, Mi Kyung Park, Kwang Jae Lee, In Joo Kim
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Cause-of-Death Trends for Diabetes Mellitus over 10 Years.: Su Kyung Park, Mi Kyoung Park, Ji Hye Suk, Mi Kyung Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Ju Kim, Yang Ho Kang, Kwang Jae Lee, Hyun Seung Lee, Chang Won Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, Kyung Il Lee, Mi Kyoung Kim, Duk Kyu Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(1):65-72. Published online February 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.1.65

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Recently, diabetic mortality is lower than ever before, likely due to dramatic improvements in diabetes care. This study set to analyze changes in the cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the past 10 years. METHODS: All subjects were T2DM patients over the age of 30 whose death certificates were issued at six hospitals in the Busan metropolitan area from 2000 to 2004. The patients were excluded if they had been clinically diagnosed with significant tuberculosis, liver, thyroid, renal, connective tissue diseases and cancers, prior to T2DM diagnosis. We classified the cause of death into several groups by KCD-4. The results were compared with published data on the period from 1990 to 1994. RESULTS: The study comprised 680 patients, of which 374 (55.0%) were male. The average age of death was 66.3 +/- 10.7 years. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular disease (30.6%), followed by infectious disease (25.3%), cancer (21.9%), congestive heart failure (7.1%), renal disease (4.7%), liver disease (2.7%), and T2DM itself (1.9%). In the study from the earlier period, the most common cause of death was also cardiovascular disease (37.6%), followed by infectious disease (24.2%), T2DM (6.0%), liver disease (5.4%), cancer (4.7%), and renal disease (3.3%). CONCLUSION: Over both study periods, the first and second cause of death in T2DM were cardiovascular disease and infectious disease, respectively. However, death by cerebral infarction among cardiovascular disease patients was significantly lower in the latter period, while death by malignancy was markedly increased.

Citations

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Yu Mi Kang, Ye-Jee Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Woo Je Lee, Chang Hee Jung
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Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(6): 485. CrossRef
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Randomized Controlled Trial

The Effect of Green Tea Polyphenol on Plasma Glucose, Lipid Levels and Antioxidant Systems in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Ji Hye Suk, Mi Kyung Kim, Jae Won Ju, Ji Sook Han, Jeong Hyun Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(3):217-225. Published online May 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.3.217

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Green-tea polyphenol (GTP) is a well known antioxidant with favorable effect on blood glucose and lipid level in animal models. We were to investigate the effects of GTP on plasma glucose, lipid and antioxidant systems in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We recruited non-complicated type 2 diabetic patients with stable glycemic control by oral hypoglycemic agents. Subjects were randomly assigned to GTP group or placebo group for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, C-peptide, lipid levels, liver function test, renal function test, urine microalbumin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, there were no significant differences in age, body mass index, duration of diabetes, dietary status, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels between GTP and placebo group. However, FPG levels and triglyceride levels were significantly different between GTP and placebo group at baseline. In both of GTP and placebo group, there were no significant change after 12 weeks of treatment in FPG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, levels of MDA, and GSHPx activities. SOD activities significantly increased after 12 weeks of treatment in both of GTP and placebo group. The increase of SOD activities were significantly higher in GTP group than in placebo group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of green tea polyphenol increased antioxidant activity in type 2 diabetic patients. The effect on plasma glucose and lipid level was not significant but should be confirmed in further large scaled studies.

Citations

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Effect of Young Barley Leaf Powder on Glucose Control in the Diabetic Rats
Hee-Kyoung Son, Yu-Mi Lee, Yong-Hyun Park, Jae-Joon Lee
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2016; 27(1): 19. CrossRef

Original Article

Analysis of the Body Mass Index of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Temporal Trends.: Ji Hye Suk, Jung Choi, Yong Wuk Kim, Jae Suk Park, Ji Sup Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Sin Yeong Choi, Jeong Hyun Park, Byung Doo Rhee; Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(2):132-140. Published online April 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Previous epidemiological studies have shown that Korean type 2 diabetic patients were mainly non-obese compared to their Western counterparts. This retrospective study was performed to find the percentage of obese type 2 diabetic patients, and its temporal changes, using the newly proposed Asian criteria for the diagnosis of obesity. In addition, our results were compared with Caucasian data. METHODS: The subjects of our study were all newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients; 157 for 1991, 176 for 1996 and 275 for 2001. The all the study subjects were aged over 30 years. They all had visited the Mary Knoll General Hospital for the first time, and were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus within 1 year. The maximum BMI (Body Mass Index) was calculated from the patients heaviest life-time body weight, and their current BMI from the values obtained at their first visit to our institution. The delta BMI (deltaBMI) was calculated by subtracting the current BMI from the maximum BMI the HbA1c value at the time of the first visit was also recorded. Obesity was defined as a body mass index greater than 25kg/m2. RESULTS: The mean values of maximum BMI were 25.7+/-4.5, 26.4+/-4.3 and 25.9+/-6.0 kg/m2 for the years of 1991, 1996 and 2001, respectively. The mean values of the current BMI were 24.0+/-3.0, 24.2+/-3.0 and 24.8+/-3.6 kg/m2 for the years of 1991, 1996 and 2001, respectively. None of these values showed statistically significant differences. The percentages of obese type 2 diabetic patients in 1991, 1996 and 2001 were 64.3, 69.0 and 66.9%, according to their maximum BMI, respectively. The percentages of obese type 2 diabetic patients, from their current BMI, were 31.8, 39.8 and 43.6% in 1991, 1996 and 2001, respectively, and these values showed statistically significant increases over time (p=0.016). The mean value of the delta BMI was significantly lower in 2001 compared with 1996, and it was positively correlated with the HbA1c at the time of the first visit (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION: The percentage of obese type 2 diabetic patients at the time of the maximum body weight was 60 to 70%, but the percentage at the time of diagnosis had decreased to 30 to 40%. The percentage of obese type 2 diabetic patients at the time of diagnosis significantly increased over time. The mean BMI value of the Korean type 2 diabetic patients was lower than that of Caucasians, but the percentage of obese type 2 diabetic patients and its temporal trends were similar to those of Caucasians. Our study shows that Korean type 2 diabetic patients are as obese as Caucasians when they meet their own diagnostic criteria for obesity.

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